Egypt and Islam

At the beginning of 2021 I lived in Egypt for two months, for business reasons. It wasn't the first time I had the opportunity to visit the country, but this one, unlike the others preceded it, was different for many reasons.

First of all because I got to know fantastic people, affable, helpful, affectionate, nice, lovely, willing to help me and to put up with me in what were my curiosities and needs. Of course I am talking about women and men who were always smiling and helpful, certainly not gruff and unpleasant inhabitants of Albione's land.

Egypt, a large country oriented towards becoming the center of that part of Middle East Africa very close to the Islamic world and a crossroads of many religions sharing a peace achieved at the cost of many sacrifices.

An Egypt with chaotic traffic where driving is a constant danger, an attractive Egypt where, perhaps, it would be nice to live appreciating all it has to offer, an Islamic Egypt that made me fall in love with itself and not only that.

But Egypt is not only that, Egypt is also culture and religion and Islam.

In this essay, I will talk about my version of Islamic culture and the - important - aspects that do not divide Christians from Muslims, on the contrary, they unite us. Religion is wisdom and not fear, knowing them better we will learn to appreciate their culture too, forgetting the extremists that exist in every religion and in every corner of this huge planet.

What is Islam?

Islam is not a new religion, but it is the same truth revealed by God to all his prophets since the creation of the world. For a fifth of the world's population, Islam is both a religion and a way of life. Muslims profess a religion of peace, mercy and forgiveness that has nothing to do with the grave events erroneously associated with Islam.


Who are the Muslims?

In Egypt, Muslims represent the majority of the population out of over 120 million individuals of all ethnicities, nationalities and cultures. These people, women and men, are linked by a single, common, Islamic faith.


What Do Muslims Believe?

Foese many of you will not believe in what I am going to write here, but Muslims believe in one God; in the Angels created by Him; in the Prophets, thanks to whom his word was revealed to humanity; on the Day of Judgment when each of us will be judged individually according to his own actions; in the supreme authority of God over the destiny of men, and in life after death. Muslims believe in the concatenation of prophets which begins with Adam and includes Noah, Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Job, Moses, Aaron, David, Solomon, Elijah, Jonah, John the Baptist, and Jesus. God to man, confirmation of the eternal message and compendium of all that has been, was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad, through the Archangel Gabriel, and this is the only substantial difference with the Christian world. 

Surprised?


What is the meaning of the word Islam?

The Arabic word Islam simply means submission and comes from a word that means peace. In the religious sphere, it means complete submission to the will of God and the believer is defined as a Muslim. Mohammedan is therefore an erroneous term as it leads one to believe that Muslims worship Muhammad rather than God. Allah is the name of God in the Arabic language, used by Muslims as well as Arab Christians.


Do Islam and Christianity have different origins?

No. Together with Judaism, they go back to the prophet and patriarch Abraham, and the three prophets descend directly from the latter's sons: Muhammad from the elder, Ishmael, and Moses and Jesus from Isaac. Abraham founded the settlement that is now the city of Mecca, and built the Ka'ba, to which Muslims turn when they pray.


How has the spread of Islam affected the world?

One of the reasons for the rapid and peaceful spread of Islam lies in the simplicity of its doctrine: Islam teaches to have faith and to worship one God. Islam also teaches man the good use of the power of the intellect and ability. of reflection. In the space of a few years, great civilizations and universities were born, since, according to the Prophet, the deepening of knowledge is a duty for every Muslim, man or woman. The synthesis of Eastern and Western thought and a new conception of tradition allowed great progress in fields such as medicine, mathematics, physics, astronomy, geography, architecture, art, literature and history. . Many systems, of crucial importance, such as algebra, Arabic numerals, as well as the concept of zero (vital for the development of mathematical thought), were transmitted from Islam to Europe in the Middle Ages. Sophisticated tools were developed that made possible the long European voyages of discovery, such as, for example, the astrolabe, the dial and accurate charts for navigation.


What are the "Five Pillars" of Islam?

They are the basis of Muslim life: faith, prayer, obligatory almsgiving, fasting during the month of Ramadan and the pilgrimage to Mecca for those who are able to do so.
They are:

1. FAITH
There is no God but God and Muhammad is his Prophet. This declaration of faith is called shahada, a simple formula that all the faithful pronounce. In Arabic the first part sounds like this ilaha illa'Llah - there is no other God besides God; ilaha (God) refers to whatever we could put in God's place - wealth, power and the like. Then comes illa'Llah: outside of God, the source of all creation. The second part of the Shahada reads Muhammadun rasulu'Llah: Muhammad is the messenger of God. An enlightened message reached us through a man similar to us.

2. THE PRAYER
Salat is the name of the obligatory prayers that are recited five times a day and which form the direct link between the believer and God. There are no hierarchical authorities, no priests in Islam, therefore the guidance of the prayers is entrusted to a person who knows the Koran, chosen by the congregation. These five prayers contain verses from the Qur'an and are recited in Arabic, the language of Revelation, however personal supplications can be recited in the language of any believer. Prayers are recited at dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset and when night falls, thus marking the rhythm of the whole day. Although it is preferable to pray together in a mosque, a Muslim can pray almost anywhere, in the fields, in the office, in the factory, at the university. Those who visit the Arab world are struck by the importance of prayers in people's daily lives.

3. THE ZAKAT
One of the fundamental principles of Islam is that all things belong to God and therefore wealth is entrusted to mankind. The word Zakat means both purification and growth. Our possessions are purified by setting aside a portion of them for the needy and, as happens when pruning a plant, this cut allows for new growth. Each Muslim calculates his zakat individually. In general this implies the annual payment of 2.5% of your capital. A pious person can give what he wants as a sadaqa, and preferably in a confidential manner. Although the term can be translated as voluntary charity it has a much broader meaning. The Prophet said:
“Welcoming your brother with a smile is also a charitable gesture”. "Charity is a duty for every Muslim," He was asked, "What if a person has nothing?" The Prophet replied, "He should work with his own hands for his own benefit and then give something of his gain in charity." The Companions asked him: "What if he cannot work?" The Prophet said, "He should help the poor and needy." The Companions asked again: "What if he can't even do that?" The Prophet said, "He should urge others to do good." The Companions said, "What if he also fails to do this?" The Prophet said, “He should refrain from behaving wrongly. This too is charity."

4. FASTING
Every year, during the month of Ramadan, all Muslims fast from dawn to dusk, abstaining from food, drink and sexual intercourse. The sick, the elderly, those traveling and pregnant or breastfeeding women are allowed to break the fast, then observing during the year a number of fasting days equivalent to those not performed. Those who are physically unable to observe the fast must offer food to a person in need for the same number of days as the fast was not observed. Babies begin fasting (and saying prayers) from puberty, although many start even earlier. Fasting, while very healthy, is mainly observed as a method of self-purification. Who fasts, even if for a short time, is in harmony with all those who fast and at the same time grows spiritually.

5. THE PILGRIMAGE (Hajj or Haj)

The annual pilgrimage to Mecca - the Hajj - is a duty for all those who are able to fulfill it both physically and economically. About two million faithful, from all over the world, go to Mecca every year and this represents, among other things, a unique opportunity for individuals of different nationalities to meet. Although Mecca is always full of visitors, the annual pilgrimage begins in the twelfth month of the Islamic year (which is lunar, not solar, so both Hajj and Ramadan sometimes fall in summer, sometimes in winter). Pilgrims wear special garments: simple garments that erase all social and cultural distinctions, so that all are equal before God.

The Hajj rite, which dates back to Abraham, requires seven laps around the Ka'ba and seven times the journey between the heights of Safa and Marwa, as did Hagar, wife of Abraham, while in search water for his son Ishmael. Then the pilgrims gather in Arafat's wide esplanade and join in prayer to implore divine forgiveness, which is often seen as a foretaste of the Last Judgment. In past centuries, carrying out the Hajj was a truly arduous undertaking. Today, Saudi Arabia offers a modern network of means of transport, and equipment equipped with every comfort. The end of the pilgrimage is marked by a holiday - Eid al-Adha - which is celebrated with prayers and the exchange of gifts within the various Muslim communities. This anniversary, together with that of Eid al-Fitr, the day in which the end of Ramadan is celebrated, are the two most important religious holidays in the Muslim calendar.

What do Muslims think of Jesus?

Muslims respect and honor Jesus and look forward to his second coming. They consider him one of the greatest divine messengers. A Muslim never refers to him by simply calling him Jesus, but always adding the words peace be with him. The Koran confirms his birth from a virgin woman (a chapter of the Koran is titled Mary), and Mary is considered the purest woman in the universe.

Why is the family so important to Muslims?

The family is the foundation of Islamic society. The peace and security provided by a stable family unit are highly valued and are considered essential for the spiritual growth of its members. A harmonious social order is given by the existence of patriarchal families; children are precious gifts and rarely leave their home before marriage.

How do Muslims deal with older people?

There are no retirement homes for the elderly in the Islamic world. The effort to take care of one's parents in this difficult time of their life is considered an honor and also an opportunity for spiritual growth. God asks us not only to pray for our parents, but to behave with infinite mercy, reminding us that when we were helpless children they put us before themselves. Mothers are particularly revered: the Prophet believed that Heaven is at the feet of mothers. When they are older, Muslim parents are treated with kindness, kindness and self-denial. In Islam, serving one's parents is a duty that comes after only prayer, and this expectation is their right. It is considered despicable to show irritation when, through no fault of their own, old people become difficult.

The Koran says: "Your Lord has ordered you not to worship anyone but Him, and to be kind to your parents. If one of them or both of them reach an advanced age, in the course of your life, do not say words of contempt to them, do not reject them, but address them with respect ". "And with goodness incline the wing of humility and protection towards them, and say: O my Lord, grant them your mercy because they took care of me in my childhood" (Koran 17:23, 24).

There will come a day when Muslims and Christians will coexist in peace, that day will be when women and men all over the planet will finally learn that we are all equal before God.

This essay is dedicated to a dear friend of mine known in Egypt, I know she appreciates me and I reciprocate affectionately. May God always illuminate our lives.